KPV (10mg)

Overview

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide (Lys–Pro–Val) corresponding to amino acids 11–13 of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It is widely used in research as a selective anti-inflammatory signaling probe that retains key immunomodulatory properties of α-MSH without engaging melanocortin receptors involved in pigmentation.

In experimental literature, KPV has been investigated for its ability to modulate NF-κB–driven inflammatory pathways, regulate cytokine production, and influence innate immune responses in epithelial, gastrointestinal, and immune-cell models. Its small size, stability, and receptor-independent activity profile make it a useful tool for studying localized inflammatory control mechanisms.

Content note: “10 mg” refers to research vial content, not dosing guidance.

Chemical Structure

• Class: α-MSH–derived anti-inflammatory peptide fragment

• Length: 3 amino acids

• Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val (KPV)

• Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₂₉N₅O₄

• Molecular Weight: ~371.4 Da

• Charge: Net positive at physiological pH

• Synonyms: α-MSH (11–13), KPV peptide

Research Applications & Findings

1. NF-κB Inhibition and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Suppression

KPV has been repeatedly shown to inhibit NF-κB activation in cellular inflammation models, leading to reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and other downstream inflammatory mediators. These effects appear independent of classic melanocortin receptor activation, distinguishing KPV from full-length α-MSH in mechanistic studies.

2. Intestinal and Epithelial Inflammation Models

Strong preclinical literature supports KPV’s use in intestinal inflammation research, including models of colitis and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Findings consistently show reductions in mucosal inflammatory markers, improved epithelial integrity, and modulation of immune-epithelial signaling.

3. Innate Immune Cell Modulation

KPV has been studied in macrophage and neutrophil systems, where it alters cytokine release profiles and inflammatory responsiveness following immune challenge. These properties make it a useful probe for examining innate immune resolution pathways rather than broad immunosuppression.

4. Cutaneous Inflammation and Skin Biology

In skin-focused research, KPV demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity without melanogenic effects, supporting its use in experimental dermatologic models where pigment alteration would confound outcomes. Investigations focus on keratinocyte signaling, cytokine release, and barrier function.

5. Inflammation Resolution Signaling (Non-Steroidal Pathways)

KPV is frequently studied as a non-steroidal, non-NSAID inflammatory modulator, allowing researchers to explore inflammation resolution mechanisms that avoid cyclooxygenase inhibition or systemic immune suppression. This makes it valuable in comparative pathway studies.

Research Status

KPV is a well-characterized research peptide with a strong preclinical evidence base supporting its role in localized anti-inflammatory signaling. Its simplicity, stability, and receptor-independent activity distinguish it from larger melanocortin peptides. While human clinical translation remains limited, KPV continues to be actively investigated as a mechanistic tool for studying inflammation control across epithelial, immune, and barrier tissues.